Agricultural Science
Past Questions
July 11, 2026
Agricultural Science WAEC 2023 Past Questions (Objective & Theory)
Attempt this paper, then reveal the answers to mark yourself.
Section A — Objective
Question 1
The science and practice of growing field crops is called
- A. Agronomy
- B. Horticulture
- C. Apiculture
- D. Silviculture
Answer: A. Agronomy is field crop production. Horticulture is fruits/vegetables/flowers; apiculture is beekeeping; silviculture is forest trees.
Question 2
The top layer of soil, rich in humus, is the
- A. Topsoil (A horizon)
- B. Subsoil (B horizon)
- C. Bedrock
- D. Parent material
Answer: A. The A horizon (topsoil) is rich in humus and is the most fertile layer.
Question 3
Which of the following is a leguminous crop?
- A. Cowpea
- B. Rice
- C. Yam
- D. Sorghum
Answer: A. Cowpea is a legume (it fixes nitrogen in root nodules). Rice and sorghum are cereals; yam is a root crop.
Question 4
The system of farming that combines crop production with animal rearing is called
- A. Mixed farming
- B. Monoculture
- C. Shifting cultivation
- D. Crop rotation
Answer: A. Mixed farming combines crops and animals on the same farm.
Question 5
A farm record that shows the daily activities on a farm is the
- A. Farm diary
- B. Cash book
- C. Inventory
- D. Sales record
Answer: A. The farm diary records daily activities; the cash book records money; inventory lists assets; the sales record lists sales.
Question 6
The removal of the tips of growing branches of a plant is called
- A. Pruning
- B. Weeding
- C. Topping (pinching)
- D. Staking
Answer: C. Topping (pinching) removes the growing tips. Pruning removes whole branches; staking supports plants.
Section B — Theory
Question 1 — Theory
State the functions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants.
Answer: Nitrogen (N) promotes leaf growth; phosphorus (P) promotes root development and flowering; potassium (K) promotes fruit formation and disease resistance.
Question 2 — Theory
List three signs of a sick farm animal.
Model answer (any three): 1. Loss of appetite. 2. Dullness/lethargy. 3. Rough coat or feathers. 4. Diarrhoea. 5. Isolation from the flock/herd.
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