Biology
Past Questions
July 9, 2026
Biology WAEC 2023 Past Questions (Objective & Theory)
Attempt this paper, then reveal the answers to mark yourself.
Section A — Objective
Question 1
The study of the relationship between organisms and their environment is called
A. Ecology
B. Anatomy
C. Physiology
D. Genetics
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Answer: A. Ecology is the study of organisms and their relationship with the environment.
Question 2
Which of the following is a producer in a food chain?
A. Grass
B. Grasshopper
C. Lizard
D. Hawk
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Answer: A. Green plants (producers) make their own food by photosynthesis. The others are consumers.
Question 3
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Chloroplast
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Answer: C. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Question 4
In a food chain, energy flows from
A. Producer to consumer
B. Consumer to producer
C. Decomposer to producer
D. Consumer to consumer only
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Answer: A. Energy flows from producers to consumers (and finally to decomposers) in a food chain.
Question 5
The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment is called
A. Respiration
B. Gaseous exchange
C. Breathing
D. Transpiration
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Answer: B. Gaseous exchange is the exchange of gases (O₂ and CO₂) between an organism and its environment.
Question 6
Mendel’s work was mainly on the inheritance of traits in
A. Guinea pigs
B. Fruit flies
C. Pea plants
D. Mice
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Answer: C. Mendel studied inheritance using garden pea plants.
Section B — Theory
Question 1 — Theory
List the five kingdoms of living organisms and give one example of each.
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Answer: Monera (bacteria), Protista (amoeba), Fungi (mushroom), Plantae (maize), Animalia (man).
Question 2 — Theory
Define osmosis and give one importance of osmosis in plants.
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Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
Importance: Osmosis enables plants to absorb water from the soil through their root hairs, and keeps plant cells turgid.
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