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Biology WAEC Past Questions — Cells, Life & Nutrition

Topic: Cell Structure

Attempt these WAEC-style questions on your own, then reveal the answers to check yourself. Answers and explanations are provided.

Question 1 — Characteristics of Life
Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
  • A. Ability to move from place to place
  • B. Respiration
  • C. Possession of chlorophyll
  • D. Possession of a cell wall

Answer: B. Respiration is universal to all living things. Movement, chlorophyll and cell walls are not found in all organisms (e.g. plants move only parts; not all organisms photosynthesise or have cell walls).

Question 2 — Excretion
The removal of metabolic waste products from the body is called
  • A. Egestion
  • B. Digestion
  • C. Excretion
  • D. Respiration

Answer: C. Excretion removes waste produced by metabolism (urea, CO₂). Egestion is the removal of undigested food, not metabolic waste.

Question 3 — Cell Organelles
The organelle responsible for the release of energy in a cell is the
  • A. Mitochondrion
  • B. Nucleus
  • C. Ribosome
  • D. Chloroplast

Answer: A. Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy. Chloroplasts trap light energy for photosynthesis; ribosomes make protein; the nucleus controls the cell.

Question 4 — Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from
  • A. a concentrated to a dilute solution
  • B. a dilute to a concentrated solution
  • C. a region of low to high pressure
  • D. a region of high to low temperature

Answer: B. Water moves from higher water concentration (dilute solution) to lower water concentration (concentrated solution).

Question 5 — Photosynthesis
Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?
  • A. Carbon dioxide
  • B. Oxygen
  • C. Water
  • D. Chlorophyll

Answer: B. Photosynthesis uses CO₂ and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and water are raw materials, not products.

Question 6 — Theory
State four differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

Model answer (any four):

1. Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall; animal cells do not.
2. Plant cells contain chloroplasts; animal cells lack chloroplasts.
3. Plant cells have a large permanent vacuole; animal cells have small temporary vacuoles.
4. Plant cells are regular (rectangular); animal cells are irregular (round).
5. Plant cells store food as starch; animal cells store glycogen.

Question 7 — Theory
Define diffusion and give two examples of diffusion in living organisms.

Answer: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Examples: (i) oxygen diffusing from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood; (ii) carbon dioxide diffusing out of a leaf through the stomata during respiration.

Practice these in CBT mode →

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