WAEC Syllabus

The complete examination syllabus for Biology, Physics, Chemistry and Agricultural Science. Study each topic in order — our lessons, past questions and CBT simulator are organised to match these sections exactly.

Biology — Syllabus

A. Living Things
- Characteristics of living organisms
- Classification of living things (kingdoms)
- Differences between plants and animals
B. Organization of Life
- Levels of organization: cell → tissue → organ → system
- Cell structure (plant and animal cells)
- Functions of cell organelles
C. Cell Processes
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Plasmolysis and turgidity
D. Nutrition
- Modes of nutrition (autotrophic, heterotrophic)
- Plant nutrition and photosynthesis
- Animal nutrition and food substances
- Digestive systems
E. Transport
- Transport in plants (xylem, phloem)
- Transport in animals (blood, circulatory system)
- Transport in mammals
F. Respiration
- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Gaseous exchange
- Respiratory systems
G. Excretion
- Excretory products and organs
- Excretion in plants
- Excretion in animals (kidney, skin, lungs)
H. Support and Movement
- Skeleton and supporting tissues
- Joints and muscles
- Movement in plants
I. Coordination and Control
- Nervous system and neurones
- Sense organs (eye, ear, skin)
- Hormones and endocrine system
J. Reproduction
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- Reproduction in plants (flowers, pollination)
- Reproduction in animals
- Human reproductive system
K. Heredity and Variation
- Genetics (Mendelian laws)
- Chromosomes and genes
- Variation
L. Evolution
- Evidence of evolution
- Theories of evolution
M. Ecology
- Ecosystems and habitats
- Food chains, webs and energy flow
- Population and pollution
N. Microorganisms and Diseases
- Types of microorganisms
- Diseases and immunity
- Control of diseases

Physics — Syllabus

1. Measurement and Units
- Fundamental and derived quantities
- SI units and dimensions
- Measurement of length, mass, time
- Accuracy, precision and errors
2. Scalars and Vectors
- Scalar and vector quantities
- Resolution and addition of vectors
3. Motion
- Speed, velocity, acceleration
- Equations of uniformly accelerated motion
- Graphical analysis of motion
- Projectiles
4. Forces and Laws of Motion
- Newton’s laws of motion
- Friction
- Momentum and impulse
- Circular motion
5. Work, Energy and Power
- Work done
- Kinetic and potential energy
- Power and efficiency
6. Pressure in Fluids
- Pressure in liquids and gases
- Archimedes’ principle and upthrust
- Atmospheric pressure
7. Heat Energy and Temperature
- Temperature scales and thermometers
- Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
- Latent heat
- Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)
8. Gas Laws
- Boyle’s, Charles’ and pressure laws
- Ideal gas equation
9. Waves
- Wave properties and terms
- Types of waves
- Wave equation
10. Sound
- Production and propagation of sound
- Speed of sound
- Echoes and applications
11. Light
- Reflection of light
- Refraction and lenses
- Optical instruments
- Dispersion and spectrum
12. Electricity
- Electrostatics
- Electric current and Ohm’s law
- Resistance and circuits
- Electrical energy and power
13. Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction
- Magnets and magnetic fields
- Electromagnetic induction
- Transformers
14. Modern Physics
- Atomic structure and spectra
- Radioactivity
- Basic electronics

Chemistry — Syllabus

1. Introduction to Chemistry
- Nature of matter
- Measurement and scientific method
- Laboratory safety
2. Separation Techniques
- Filtration, evaporation, distillation
- Chromatography
- Crystallization and sublimation
3. Atomic Structure
- Sub-atomic particles
- Atomic number and mass number
- Isotopes and electronic configuration
4. Periodic Table
- Periods and groups
- Trends in properties
- Periodic classification
5. Chemical Bonding
- Ionic bonding
- Covalent bonding
- Metallic bonding and intermolecular forces
6. States of Matter
- Solids, liquids and gases
- Kinetic theory
- Changes of state
7. Chemical Reactions and the Mole Concept
- Balancing equations
- Mole, molar mass and Avogadro’s number
- Stoichiometric calculations
8. Acids, Bases and Salts
- Properties of acids and bases
- pH scale
- Preparation of salts
- Indicators
9. Water and Solutions
- Properties of water
- Solubility
- Hard and soft water
10. Electrolysis and Electrochemistry
- Electrolysis of solutions and melts
- Faraday’s laws
- Electrochemical cells
11. Rates of Reaction and Equilibrium
- Factors affecting reaction rates
- Catalysts
- Reversible reactions and equilibrium
12. Redox Reactions
- Oxidation and reduction
- Oxidizing and reducing agents
13. Metals and their Compounds
- Reactivity series
- Extraction of metals
- Properties and uses of metals
14. Non-metals and their Compounds
- Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
- Halogens
- Sulphur, carbon and their compounds
15. Organic Chemistry
- Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
- Functional groups
- Organic reactions and polymers
16. Chemistry in Industry and Environment
- Industrial processes
- Environmental pollution
- Green chemistry

Agricultural Science — Syllabus

1. Basic Concepts of Agriculture
- Meaning and importance of agriculture
- Branches of agriculture
- History and development of agriculture in Nigeria
2. Soil Science
- Soil formation and profile
- Physical and chemical properties
- Soil fertility and management
- Soil erosion and conservation
3. Agricultural Ecology
- Ecosystem and agricultural environment
- Land use and environmental factors
- Effects of human activities on agriculture
4. Farm Tools and Machinery
- Simple farm tools
- Farm machinery and implements
- Maintenance of tools and machines
5. Crop Production
- Classification of crops
- Crop husbandry and cultural practices
- Plant nutrition and fertilizer use
- Weeds and weed control
- Crop pests and diseases
6. Animal Production
- Farm animals and their importance
- Anatomy and physiology of farm animals
- Feeding, housing and management
- Animal health and diseases
7. Fisheries and Aquaculture
- Fish farming systems
- Management of fish ponds
8. Forestry
- Forest resources
- Forest management and conservation
9. Farm Management and Economics
- Principles of farm management
- Records and farm accounting
- Agricultural finance and marketing
10. Agricultural Extension and Marketing
- Extension services
- Marketing of farm produce
11. Crop and Animal Improvement
- Plant breeding and genetics
- Animal breeding and improvement
- Biotechnology in agriculture